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rom [email protected] Mon Oct 2 15:59:10 1995essage-ID: ate: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 18:58:49 -0400 (EDT)rom: Saul Hahn o: "Laurence I. Press" c: Randy Bush , Pimienta Daniel , [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], Saul Hahn ubject: CUNET UPDATEtatus: ROandy, Larry:lease find enclosed some latest statistics related tohe number of registered and active users in different countriesssociated with the CUNet project. CUNet is a sub-project ofhe Hemisphere Wide Inter-University Scientific and Informationetwork (RedHUCyT), which has been actively assisting the OAS membertates to connect to Internet. have asked Archie Marshall, to double check the numbers for theemaining countries or institutions not listed here.he numbers were provided by the CUNet country coordinators and anypecific inquiries should be addressed to them directly and torchie Marshall.lease observe that Jamaica has full IP connectivity as has beenescribed previously.elize connects through PSGnet in Oregon (Randys' network).aint Vincent and Saint Lucia connect through Canada (COL). The otherountries use the University of Puerto Rico as a hub.dding the numbers provided by the Coordinators, the total count shows overwenty six hundred, 2600, registered users and over 2300 "active" users.OTE: Full IP connectivity is now commercially available from theTT's in Antigua and Barbuda, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize, Barbados,ermuda, Saint Lucia, Dominican Republic (actually by three competingompanies). The service is most commonly PPP dial up or SLIP.urrently, whenever possible, we are committed to assist academicnstitutions for full IP connectivity, as in Jamaica and soonrinidad and other countries. hope you find this information useful.-Saul_________________________________________________UNet, USERSAINT LUCIA:ate: Thu, 28 Sep 95 22:30:09 ASTrom: "A. H. Daniels" o: [email protected], [email protected]: CUNet Updateello Dr. Hahn,ere is an update of our user base in Saint Lucia. We currently have aotal of 106 user accounts on our system at ISIS and 65% to 70% ofhese are active users.he Sir Arthur Lewis which has recently been set up as 15 active usersnd this will soon be increased when their 50 user division network isntegrated with the UNIX system.egards.lbert H. DanielsUNet Coordinator__________________________________________________________________________________________AMAICA:rom: junior crawford o: am146 c: [email protected]: Re: CUNet updatei Archie,e have on our host approx. 220 users with Internet access, which all areresently active. hope you may fine this info helpfull.egards_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ate: Thu, 28 Sep 1995 17:45:28 -0400 (EDT)rom: Jeremy M Whyte ubject: UWIMonaNeto: Archie Marshall rchie,s we discussed here a breif profile.WIMonaNet is based on a campus wide FDDI backbone providing connectivityo a increasing number local area networks. The University community isomprised of approximately 6000 students, academics and administrators inotal only about 30% of number presently have direct connectivity buthis is growing rapidly.WIMonaNet manages a 64Kbs leased line for Internet connectivty and weave an active user base of approximately 1500 users.eremy._________________________________________________________________eremy M. Whyte E-Mail: [email protected]_________________________________________________________________eremy M. Whyte E-Mail: [email protected]/Network Engineeringona Information Systems Unit Voice : 809-977-3160niversity of the West Inidies Fax : 809-977-3164____________________________________________________________________________________________________ARBADOS:y Assistant, Santiago Aguilar, spoke with Robert Williams,arbados Coordinator, Sep 28, 1995:[email protected])egistered users: 150ery active users: 30____________________________________________________________________________________________________AINT VINCENT:antiago, spoke with Donnie de Freitas,aint Vincent, Coordinator, Sep 28, 1995:egistered users: 186or specific activity information contact Donnie de Freitas.any of the users are very active.([email protected])NTIGUA:antiago, spoke with George DanielUNet Antigua, Coordinator, Sep 29, 1995:[email protected])egistered users: 30ery active users: about 20ELIZE:From previous conversation with Archie Marshall and myself,rian Candler, CUNet Coordinator, Belize, indicates approximately0 active [email protected])OMINICAN REPUBLIC:antiago, spoke with Flavio Moncion, PUCMMUNet Dominican Republic Coordinator, Sep 29, 1995:egistered users: 120ctive users: [email protected] &TOBAGO:Patrick Hosein,WI Coordinator, Oct, 02, 95:_______________egistered users: 75ctive users: [email protected]) Patrick, How are you doing....how many users are you actively supporting on your system right now.. I need these figures urgently. would guess that there are about 50 active users (i.e, at least threeessages per week). There are about 75 total users.____________________________________________________________________________________________*)Niherst:*)IMA:*)CARIRI: to be determined.____________________________________________________________________________________________URINAME:ccording to OnTheInternet, Vol 1, #3, July/Aug, 1995, pg 40uriname accomodates some 350 users.lease contact, Gerold Van Dijk, Coordinator,niversity of Suriname,[email protected])________________________________________________________________________________________AHAMAS:40 active users.nformation supplied to Archie on Oct, 2, 95 by Barbara Ambrister,oordinator, College of the [email protected])rom [email protected] Mon Jun 19 13:05:43 1995-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t nil][nil "Mon" "19" "June" "1995" "14:52:06" "EST" "Pimienta Daniel" "[email protected]" nil "550" "CARIBBEAN INTEGRATION THRU INFO NETWORK" "^Date:" nil nil "6" nil nil nil nil]nil)ate: Mon, 19 Jun 1995 14:52:06 ESTrom: Pimienta Daniel o: Steve Huter ubject: CARIBBEAN INTEGRATION THRU INFO NETWORKtatus: ROteve,hanks for keeping our note about the Caribbean networking in youropher. Please find enclosed copy of thge CARITIN project whichffer a framework for the same matter. Please note that it was writtenn 1993, and alhough the diagnostic is still valid some informationay have gone obsolete.est regards,=========================================================================aniel Pimientair. Fundacion Redes y Desarrollo (FUNREDES)/O Casa de Francia (BCLE)alle Las Damas #42ona Colonial tel: + 1 809 535 2422 (mensajeria)ptdo 2972 fax: 535 6646anto Domingo [email protected] Dominicana [email protected]========================================================================= CARIBBEAN INTEGRATION THROUGH INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE (CARITIN) PROJECT OF THE FOUNDATION NETWORKS AND DEVELOPMENT (FUNREDES)ctober, 7th 1993-INTRODUCTIONhe Caribbean Region is commonly defined as an area of 24sland countries plus 4 mainland countries maintaining close tiesith the Caribbean islands (Guyana, Belize, Surinam and Frenchuyane) -Note 1-. The 28 countries represent a totalopulation of 35 millions, covering a total area of 727,000m2. The population shares a common geographic and climaticrea and a complex cultural background whereommonalities and specificities are equally important. Theelative cultural homogeneity emerged as a product of variousactors:the common climatic conditions,the remaining pre-colombian heritage -Note 2-,the colonial European history (French, Spanish, British, Frenchnd Dutch),the large forced migrations from Africa,the natural migrations from other regions (in particular India),nd the relatively rapid (although uneven) melting of the variousomponents, from which emerge a culture of "metissage" specifico the Caribbean.here are however large differences between the Caribbeanountries:In term of land area: from Guyana (215 000 km2) to Anguilla (91m2). The 23 island countries cover only 235 000 km2 (88% ofhich is shared by the 4 larger islands: Cuba, Hispaniola,amaica, and Porto Rico), while the mainland countries cover92 000 km2.In term of population: from Anguilla's 8000 inhabitants touba's 12 millions.In term of political status: 16 independent countries, oneerritory dependent on the Netherlands (Aruba, Curacao, the Dutchart of St Marteen -Note 5-, St Eustatius and Saba), two onhe United States (US Virgin Island and Porto Rico), threen France (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guyane), and five on thenited Kingdom (Caiman Islands, Turk and Caicos, UK Virginslands, Montserrat, Anguilla).In term of level of economic development: from Haiti's US$ 320NP per head to the Bahamas US$ 12,000.______________1: A larger definition encompasses countries like Venezueland Colombia which hold tight economic and culturalelationships. A more larger definition incorporates the set ofountries around the Caribbean Basin, thus including Centromerica and Mexico.2: Solely in mainland countries survived some originalndian populations5: The other part belongs to the French department of Guadeloupe______________he Caribbean countries are also divided by several factors:the geographic factor: island and mainland countries scatteredn the vast area of the Caribbean Basin,the linguistic factor: three main blocks (Spanish, English andrench) plus Dutch and Creoles,the geopolitical factor: influence of the United States and ofhe European countries,the economic factor: competition for tropical exports andourism, lack of complementarity.he current world evolution which shows the emergence of twopposite trends (the grouping of regions within economical commontructure and, in parallel, the demand of recognition fromultural minorities) is of particular acuity in that region wherehe touristic flows increase at the same speed as the volume ofmigration. The progress of the NAFTA arises concerns within theegion and should also act as an indirect integration incentive.or all countries of the area, the prospect for developmenties on a better cultural, economic and political integration.nnex 1 and 2 show, for each country, the political status, theasic indicators and the level of participation in existingntegration schemes (Lome IV, CARICOM, OECS, CBI).-INTEGRATION BARRIERS first level diagnostic shows that languages differences areot the mere explanation for difficulties in integration, sinceivisions exist inside common linguistic areas. The main barriero overcome the politic and economic resistances and the firstbstacle to the Caribbean integration process rather lies in theack of organized regional communication. The numerous intentso seed the integration process at the cultural level presenthe characteristics to come short in term of momentum andonsequent follow-up. The important efforts made at the economicevel (Lome Convention, OECS, and, above all, Caricom) haveot yet reach the point of triggering a global integrationrocess (the Caribbean Basin Initiative should not be taken asn integration program but rather as an export and investmentevelopment scheme). Beside the Caribbean culture and itsatural tendency to make people take their time in everyspect of their social life, apart some understandable fearbout regional competition, the weakness of the global outcomeained from the various actions is better explained by the veryoor level of regional communication. Each country is mostlyriented, in term of communication, toward one of the relatedoreign countries. In term of Science and Technology,ittle is done to share with the neighbor country (exceptaybe within the English speaking area, particularly troughhe University of West Indies, which have campuses in variouslaces). The existing integration efforts have to strugglegainst the difficulties for day to day intra-Caribbeanommunication which represent a painful and critical overhead.t the difference of other regions, the essence of thearibbean makes the concept of frontier rather inapplicable,hus preventing the natural mechanism which, from commercend personal direct dealing make two countries sharing arontier start develop some kind of articulation and feeling ofelonging to the same commercial zone. It is significant tobserve that the sea and air means of transportation usuallyhow a star topology which makes the travel distanceetween two countries equal to the diameter of the circleexcept touristic operations where the only integrationhich occurs is that of the perspective of visiting persons,ealizing after several stops that, as different as they mayppear, these people share, not always consciously, a lot ofommonality).he diagnostic is clear and neat: what is lacking is aransport infrastructure! Useless to state the right direction toolve the problem is not necessarily to start by sea or airransportation (forget about terrestrial...), but rathery information highways. The existence of an organizednformation infrastructure would effect considerably theuture of this region and may even drive the launching ofore conventional transportation systems...he new information and communication technologies represents anique opportunity to tight the relationships betweenaribbean people, arise consciousness on their commonackground, level up the motivation for common actions, boosthe productivity of current actions, and eventually driveolitical changes in the common interest of the countriesharing this tropical area.n effective strategy to reach the whole community is toarget growing and concentric circles from the intellectualommunities (scientists and cultural oriented), to sociallymportant communities (health, education...), the business,he politic, and the rest of the population (somehow likehe Internet is emerging).he building of an information infrastructure, by its nature,ust go much beyond the scope of the transmission and theransport layer of networks and focus primarily theouple "users/services". The two main priorities, besidehe realization of effective and efficient informationransport mechanisms, are:) to identify, organize and train the information users so thathey could gain benefits of the new technologies of informationnd communication;) to organize the information services within the region.he subsequent project, based on field actions alreadyxecuted in the Dominican Republic and Haiti, and supported byn explicit and proven methodology (see references 3),ims to concentrate on the construction of an informationnfrastructure within the Caribbean with a deliberate focusn users and services. 3-BASICS OF THE PROJECTShe project consists in creating, in each country, a nationalnformation network for the research and academic communityextensible to other sectors), with the following main focus:the creation of open, participative and pluralistic user groups,the systematic dissemination of the information services andreparation of users,the systematic organization of electronic conferences andirectories oriented toward regional objectives,the systematic organization of information bases oriented towardegional objectives.he subregional integration factor will be present in eachlement:the methodology for creation of user groups integrate as a primeactor the relationship with the other countries of the regionstarting by the closest),the user training workshop are organized for groups ofountries, thus allowing contacts and further partnerships,the choice of applications, conferences and directories isriven by the integration factor. he linguistic factor is clearly a key element of the project.he project has to consider three languages as mandatory:panish, English and French. However, in order to go beyond theverhead represented by this point, the project must commit toeeply incorporate the recent developments in automaticanguage translation (which, by the way, could find in thelectronic highways a field of experiment particularlyppropriate).he project is divided in five parts (two of which have alreadyeen done, and one being under process):- The elaboration of a specific methodology for buildingational academic and research networks. This step has alreadyeen completed (see references 3). The methodology needs onlyo be adjusted depending of the most recent technologicalhanges and local conditions.- The realization of the Dominican Republic national network,ith a strong integration factor with Haiti. This step islready done: the user group has been organized, users haseceived training, and basic e-mail is functioning since 1.5ears. Some further steps are required such as thenstallation of full Internet capacity and the organizing ofhe application layer.- The realization of the Haitian national research network, with strong integration factor with Dominican Republic. The plan waso do it together with the Dominican network. The politicalurmoils in Haiti made it very difficult. Few months ago,he project restarted with more strength, the progressre now consistent (a group has be formed with experimentalnternet access, an electronic conference started, and soon some0 users will be installed). A decisive move should bendertaken with the forecasted return of democracy. Theroject is all set-up but budgets are required to organizehe technical solutions. The first level of evaluation of themount of budget required to cover the full process is in therder of 200,000 US$. The estimated duration for completionvaluated at 6 months.- The CARITIN project feasibility study.reate the ground for the project:Establish the criterias for selecting a representative group ofountries.Evaluate the regional integration levels (information, human andconomic flows).Identify the intra Caribbean cooperation institutions, publicnd private.Identify the current and planned projects having some level ofonnexity.Diagnostic the situation specific to each country in term ofesearch, information, telecommunications, information andransport networks.Make the appropriate contacts and identify project partners andser group foundations.Provide a stage plan for the user and services project. Definerecisely the budget and the development plan.he first level evaluation for the feasibility study budgeturns around 200,000 US$.ARTNERS:ome Organizations have already announce their interestn participating in the CARITIN project (UNESCO/CRESALC,AO, ENDA-CARIBE, CIECA, CERLAC) and could participate inheir respective fields of competence.-A User group step.n each participating country, help federate the variousnstitutions of the Science and Technology domain into non-profit association scheme. Help create the conditionsor participation of the institutions and the end-users in aational priority task.uration= 18 months-An application step.n each participating country, create the conditions for thenstallation of national data bases accessible from the Internetnd start a set of pilot application oriented projects.uration= 18 monthshe differences in the step of development of the variousountries argue for a moderate level of overlap between theasks: Year x Year x Year x 1 2 3________._________^_________._________^_________.__________^ AAAAAAAAA BBBBBBBBBBBBBB CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 4-BACKGROUNDS/ANTECEDENTShe development of research networks in the Caribbean has noteen driven by a pattern of commonality. The main lines are:Porto Rico started long ago and is now in a very advanced stagefull Internet capability, internal fiber optic, 2 connections at4kbps to the USA).Cuba started a decisive effort in 1991 and the network is welln term of user growth. The network is still UUCP only and thexperiment is suffering at the level of the externalonnectivity. There is a strong expressed will for sub regionalooperation.Dominican Republic started, based on the Redalc methodology, in991 and the growth followed the forecasted pattern. Plans areeing made to go full Internet and open the room forpplications.For the English speaking islands, there is a project, funded byAS and executed by the Porto Rico University named CUNETCaribbean University Networks). The project concentrates in theinimum transport and transmission infrastructure (a UUCP nodeonnected to Porto Rico by dial-up connections). OAS pays forhe Porto Rico expertise in installation and trainingechnicians, for the travel expenses of the team and for theial-up connections. Besides the classical star scheme for theonnections, the main limitations of the project is the lack ofser and institutional policy. The growth is unpredictable andighly dependent of the personality of the selected technicians.here is no systematic survey of the user base, the impressionrom the user point of view, is that the user base is limited,xcept in Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago where atronger growth is reported.Guadeloupe integrated EARN France after a very long andumbersome process. Also, there is an Orstom Rio connection.artinique is not yet connected.In Haiti, following the REDALC methodology, the effort startedast May, and is very promising.We are aware of some efforts based on BBS technology,ometimes with link to the Internet (Ambionet from ECLAC,amaica). Caricom is managing, with the support of IDRC a projectriented toward decision makers with an expressed will for thereation of a subregional backbone for network transmissions.Also there is an active USENET group on Caribbean culturesathering some 50 people from the region. FUNREDES have opennedew months ago three electronic conferences (in CONICIT.VE) whichre progressively gaining activities: [email protected], for thehole Caribbean, KISKEYA, for the Dominican Republic, HAITI-L foraiti, ECOCARIB (for CIECA), about economical matters on thearibbean and TRAMIL (for ENDA) about medicinal plants. n term of cooperation or integration from networking the onlyelevant actions are:REDALC Workshop, user and institution oriented (concerning Portoico, Haiti and Dominican Republic)REDID project (Dominican Republic) with cooperation withenezuela, Porto Rico, Haiti and Cuba.CUNET Workshop, technician orientedA Caribbean Network Integration Workshop was organized by theedalc Office in cooperation with Cuba CENIAI and VenezuelaCONICIT). The project was ready to be started, but localircumstances in Cuba obliged to cancel. However most of theaterial is still usable, and it is forecasted to restart thedea during the next LAyC networking regional meeting scheduledn Caracas, October 93. 5-FUNDING STRATEGY.he size of the projects and the diversity of the countriesnvolved call for a non unique source funding mechanism: the EECLome Convention), Canada and the USA should be invited toarticipate. 6-ANNEX 1: Caribbean countries political status, basicndicators (Source: Jean Marie Burgaud)_____________________________________________________________________OUNTRIES POLITICAL AREA POPUL. GNP/ HIGHER STATUS KM2 1990 CAPITA EDUCATION (2) 1990 ENROLMENT US$ (3) (5)_____________________________________________________________________NGUILLA UK 91 7000 na naNTIGUA & BERMUDA IND (UK,1981) 440 65000 4600 naRUBA NETHERLANDS 250 61000 na naAHAMAS IND (UK,1973) 13940 247000 4900 4900ARBADOS IND (UK,1966) 430 255000 6540 5227ELIZE IND (UK,1981) 22960 189000 1970 naAIMAN ISLANDS UK 259 27000 na naUBA IND (SPAIN, 1898) 110860 10608000 2972 (4) naOMINICA IND (UK, 1978) 750 72000 1940 60OMINICAN Rep. IND (SPAIN, 1844) 48444 7170000 820 123745RENADA IND (UK,1981) 340 91000 2120 535UADELOUPE FRANCE 1779 390000 na naUYANA IND (UK, 1966) 214970 796000 370 2328RENCH GUYANA FRANCE 91000 98000 na naAITI IND (FRANCE, 1804) 28000 6486000 370 6829AMAICA IND (UK, 1962) 10990 2420000 1510 12504ARTINIQUE FRANCE 1101 360000 na naONTSERRAT UK 100 11000 na naETHERL. ANTILLES NETHERLANDS (1) 740 175000 na naORTO RICO USA 9104 3530000 na nat KITTS & NEVIS IND (UK, 1983) 270 42000 3340 167T LUCIA IND (UK, 1979) 620 133000 1900 367T VINCENT IND (UK, 1979) 340 107000 1610 736URINAME IND (NETH., 1975) 163265 422000 3050 3402RINIDAD & TOBAGO IND (UK, 1962) 5130 1236000 3470 4939URKS & CAICOS UK 430 12000 na naK VIRGIN ISLANDS UK 150 16000 na naS VIRGIN ISLANDS USA 344 107000 na na_____________________________________________________________________1) Two leeward islands (Curacao and Bonaire) plus three windwardslands (Dutch part of St Martenn, St Eustatius and Saba)2) Source: CELADE (Centro Latinoamricano de Demografia)3) Source: World Bank (Social Indicators of Development)4) Global Social Product at official rate of PS 1= US$ 15) Source: Unesco, Statistical Yearbook, 1990 (years 85-86)-ANNEX 2: Caribbean countries participation in integrationchemes (Source: Jean Marie Burgaud)________________________________________________________________ RELATION WITH THE EC CARICOM OECS CBI LOME IV EC TERITORY OCT________________________________________________________________NGUILLA *NTIGUA & BERMUDA * * * *RUBA *AHAMAS * * *ARBADOS * * *ELIZE * * *AIMAN ISLANDS *UBAOMINICA * * * *OMINICAN Rep. * observer *RENADA * * * *UADELOUPE *UYANA * * *RENCH GUYANA *AITI * observer *AMAICA * * *ARTINIQUE *ONTSERRAT * * *ETHERL. ANTILLES * *ORTO RICO associatedt KITTS & NEVIS * * * *T LUCIA * * * *T VINCENT * * * *URINAME *RINIDAD & TOBAGO * * *URKS & CAICOS *K VIRGIN ISLANDS *S VIRGIN ISLANDS associated________________________________________________________________________ 8-ANNEX 3: LIST OF ACRONYMSBS: Buletin Board System, structured information consultable byalling a computer via telephone lines.ARICOM: Caribbean Community.ARITIN: Caribbean Integration Through Informationnfrastructure, a Project of FUNREDES.BI: Caribbean Basin Investment, an incentive exportation systemf the USA for creation of plants in the Caribbean.ERLAC: Center for Economical Research on Latin America and thearibbean from York University, Canada.IECA: Centro de Estudio Economico del Caribe, a Dominican NGO.ONICIT: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Venezuela,cience and Technology Official Council.RESALC: Centro Regional de Educacion Superior en America Latina el Caribe, a Unesco regional center for higher education.UNET: Caribbean University Network, a project from OAS.ARN: European Academic Research Network.EC or EC: European (Economic) Community.NDA: an international NGO focusing agronomic and ecologichemes.AO: an Organization from United Nations.NP: Gross National Product.DRC: an Organization from Canadian cooperation.SOC: Internet Society.AFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement.AS: Organization of American States.CT: Overseas Countries and Territories (July 25, 1991 decisionf Association of the Council of Ministers of the Europeanomunities).ECS: Organization of East Caribbean State.RSTOM: a French research institute specialized inropical matters.EDID: Red Dominicana de Intercambio para el Desarrollo, Nationalesearch Network of Dominican Republic.EHRED: Reseau Telematique haitien pour la recherche et leeveloppement, National Research Network of Haiti.K: United Kingdom.NESCO: United Nations for Education Science and Communication.SENET: a Unix (Unix is an operating system) based conferencingystem.UCP: Unix to Unix Control Program (Unix is an operating system), protocol of communication.-REFERENCESNTEGRATION TROUGH NETWORKING"Integrar la comunidad academica latinoamericana: un desafioara las redes telematicas", D. Pimienta, pp331-367, en "Calidad,ecnologia y Globalizacion en la Educacion Superioratinoamericana", UNESCO/CRESALC, 7/92."La Comunicacion Mediante Computadora: una esperanza para elector cientifico del tercer mundo: la experiencia REDALC enmerica Latina", Taller de Vigilia Tecnologica, Daniel Pimienta,aracas, 3/93METHODOLOGY"Research Networks in Developing Countries: Not Exactly theame story!", D. Pimienta, Proc. of INET93, San Francisco, 8/93"REDALC Methodology", D. Pimienta, Matrix News, 9/93REGIONAL NETWORKING ACTIVITIES"Latin American and Caribbean, Networking Perspectives",. Pimienta, ISOC News, Vol.1, N?1, 92."The Dominican Network", D. Pimienta, ISOC News, Vol.1, N?3, 92 "REDID project document", FUNREDES (see gopher.psg.com)"A Caribbean Networking Survey", D. Pimienta,SOC News, Vol.2, N?1, 93"Toward the Haitian Network", D. Pimienta,SOC News, Vol.2, N?2, 93"Plan for the Haitian Network", D. Pimienta,atrix News, 8/93Document du projet REHRED, Groupe d'initiative Reseauaitien, 5/93 (ask Funredes)CUNET Brochure, OAS, (see gopher.psg.com)Document for La Havana Caribbean Integration meeting (ask FUNREDES)rom [email protected] Wed Jun 14 08:56:02 1995-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil][nil "Wed" "14" "June" "1995" "08:56" "PDT" "[email protected]" "[email protected]" nil "271" "CUNet update" "^Date:" nil nil "6" nil nil nil nil]nil)eturn-Path: eceived: from psg.com by rip.psg.com with smtp(Smail3.1.29.1 #1) id m0sLunS-00030WC; Wed, 14 Jun 95 08:56 PDTeceived: from imssys.imssys.com by psg.com with smtp (Smail3.1.28.1 #2)id m0sLunQ-00000vC; Wed, 14 Jun 95 08:56 PDTessage-Id: eceived: from umail.umd.edu by imssys.imssys.com; Wed, 14 Jun 95 11:48 ESTontent-Length: 9990ontent-Type: text-Mailer: AIR Mail 3.X (SPRY, Inc.)ate: Wed, 14 Jun 95 08:56 PDTrom: [email protected]: CUNet updateo: [email protected]: ROandy, new site has been added in St. Lucia at the Sir Arthur Lewis Communityollege, see appendix listing for site detailsegardsrchie APPENDIX AOUNTRY NODE ADDRESS ADMINISTRATORntigua @uhsa.edu.ag - George S. Daniel UHSA School of Medicine P.O. Box 510 Saint Johns, Antigua Tel: (809) 460-1391 Fax: (809) 460-1477 e-mail: [email protected] @cob.edu.bs Barbara Ambrister Computer Center College of the Bahamas P.O. Box 4912 Nashua, Bahamas Tel: (809) 323-8550 Fax: (809) 326-7834 E-mail: [email protected] @uwichill.edu.bb - Robert Williams Computer Center Univ. of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus P.O. Box 64 Bridgetown, Barbados Tel: (809) 425-1310 Fax: (809) 425-1327 E-mail: [email protected] @ucb.edu.bz - Brian Candler Univ. College of Belize PO Box 990 Belize City Belize, Central America Tel: (501) 2-32732 Fax: (501) 1-30255 E-mail: [email protected] @pucmm.edu.do - Flavio Moncion Radames Mejia Pontificia Univ. Catolica Madre y Maestra Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana Tel: (809) 535-0111 Fax: (809) 535-0053 E-mail: [email protected] @gnc.edu.gd - Loretta Simon Grenada National College Tanteen St. George's, Grenada. Tel: (809) 440-2652 Fax: (809) 440-2123 E-mail: [email protected]
uyana
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture P.O. Box 10-1089 Georgetown, Guyana, S.A. Tel: (592) 2-68347 or 63413 Fax: (592) 2-58358 E-Mail: [email protected] Independent Researcher 55 Fourth Street Alberttown Georgetown, Guyana Tel: (592) 2-63691 E-Mail: [email protected] Computer Studies University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Box 101110 Georgetown, Guyana Tel: (592) 2-63691 Fax: (592) 2-54885 E-Mail: [email protected] @cast.edu.jm - Junior Crawford 237 Old Hope Road Kingston 6, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-1610 Fax: (809) 927-1925 E-mail: [email protected] @uwimona.edu.jm - Keith Manison Senate House Principal's Office Univ. of the West Indies Mona Campus Kingston 7, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-2781 Fax: (809) 927-2156 E-mail: [email protected]. Lucia @isis.org.lc - Albert Daniels ISIS P.O. Box GM 717 Castries, St. Lucia Tel: (809) 452-3702 Fax: (809) 453-7690 E-mail: [email protected] Sir Arthur Lewis Com. College Morne Fortune Castries, St. Lucia Tel: (809) 452-5507 Fax: (809) 452-7901 E-mail: [email protected]. Vincent andhe Grenadines @mcw.gov.vc - Donnie De Freitas Min. of Communications and Works. P.O. Box 58 Kingstown, St. Vincent & the Gernadines Tel: (809) 457-2279 Fax: (809) 456-2168
uriname @uvs.edu.sr - Gerold Van Dijk Univ. Computer Center Univ. of Suriname Leysweg, POB 9212 Paramaribo, Suriname Tel: (597) 4-65558 Fax: (597) 4-62291 E-mail: [email protected] @cariri.gov.tt - Sharon Laurent nd Tobago
E-mail [email protected] @niherst.gov.tt - Kathy-Ann Joseph NIHERST 20 Victoria Avenue Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 625-4145 Fax: (809) 625-4161 E-mail: [email protected] @ldc.uwi.tt - Patrick Hosein Faculty of Engineering University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 645-3232 x2514 Fax: (809) 662-4414 E-mail: [email protected]
IMA Hilltop Lane Chaguaramas Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 634-4291-4 Fax: (809) 634-4433 E-mail: [email protected] @sam.edu.tt - Vinod Bridglalsinhg [email protected] NODES IN TESTING STAGE t. Kitts and Nevis
rom [email protected] Mon Jun 12 10:20:10 1995-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil t t nil][nil "Mon" "12" "June" "1995" "12:01:18" "EST" "Pimienta Daniel" "[email protected]" nil "494" "Daniel Pimienta on Caribbean Networking 95.06.12" "^Date:" nil nil "6" nil nil nil nil]nil)essage-ID: <2fdc70d2.dpimient@pimienta>ate: Mon, 12 Jun 1995 12:01:18 ESTrom: Pimienta Daniel o: Steve Huter , Olivier Crepin-Leblond , Randy Bush c: Lista Salsa , Lista Kiskeya , Lista Haiti ubject: Daniel Pimienta on Caribbean Networking 95.06.12tatus: ROear colleagues, FUNREDES is completing the information you have taken thenitiative to publish in your gopher about networking in thearibbean. Please, feel free to update your information baseith this note (or with selected parts of it).OPHER.PSG.COM------------- First of all, let us congratulate you for the useful andomprehensive work you are realizing in collecting data onetworks in Developing Countries. Only recently, thanks to theirst Internet full connection in the Dominican Republic (seeote 1), we could get to visit and browse andnjoy it. We also want to thanks you for presenting, in your gopher,nformation about our organization (FUNREDES) and REDID (theominican research network). We sincerely appreciate thisontribution in defense of pluralism.The conditions are (at last!) present for the creation of REDIDnd FUNREDES.ORG internet nodes and subsequent gophers and webssee note 2). It will take an estimated 4 months to get them inperation. We will then inform you and we could proceed torganize the required linkages. As for Haiti (REHRED), I am afraid it will take an additional 3onths to get there (see note 3). Meanwhile, we will try torovide you with more accurate and up to date information. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -ARIBBEAN NETWORKS TRAFFIC FIGURES--------------------------------- In our last trip to , we discovered, with aremendous interest (we have been so eager to get them forears!), the CUNET traffic figures. The report of CUNET is misleading when it present the .DOigures. It should be specified that these figures are limited toUCMM.EDU.DO (the CUNET component of Dominican Rep.) and thathey do not include REDID.ORG/EDU.DO.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ As you may know, the .DO domain, still under management inuerto Rico, is shared by the two networks. With the imminentreation of, at least, two more Internet commercial providers (inierce competition) and the migration of REDID to the Internet,he managing of the .DO by a Dominican entity is soon becoming ariority. This is a touchy issue, requiring fair concertizingetween the involved entities. FUNREDES is taking actions tonitiate and smooth the process. As for the correspondent traffic and user figures for REDID.DO,hey are shown in note 4 and 5.**************************************************************** You will notice that REDID ALONE * represents as much traffic as the ENTIRE CUNET * (including the CUNET .DO component) ***************************************************************** To enhance the Caribbean perspective it will be worth havingore data, in particular the corresponding Jamaican and Cubanigures. For Cuba, I hope the CENIAI Director can show theigures. For Jamaica, I hope the people of University of Westndies could provide corresponding figures.OMMENTING THE FIGURES--------------------- In the persistent lack of user directories (or total userumbers) from CUNET, these figures are the closest way weot for approximation of the numbers of users in CUNET (see note). For those interested in methodology evaluation matters, theyffer the most reliable indication, 3 years after the paralleltart of REDID and CUNET. REDID was designed with the "REDALCethodology" (see note 7) which focuses in building the userase and institutions and relies in partnership with telecomperators (the Codetel company have been helpfully supportinghe entire international and national telecommunication costs ofEDID, since may 1992).HAT IS AT STAKE BEHIND THE FACTS?--------------------------------- The point is hardly to compare projects in terms of methodologys results. The question about what project is doing better isecondary. The real issue is, independently of how and with whatroject, ========================================= = TO GET MORE PEOPLE USING THE NETWORK = = IN THE CARIBBEAN RESEARCH COMMUNITY. = ========================================= The installed base of CUNET is a lot better than nothing, butet's be fair: it is not enough. The traffic figures alone speakor themselves (and networking is much more than traffic).he critical point is that, as an undesirable side effect of thexcellent marketing of CUNET, funding agencies tend to considerhat the RESEARCH NETWORKS PROBLEM IS SOLVED IN THE CARIBBEAN.============================================================== Unfortunately, THIS IS JUST NOT TRUE, although it does lead = to DRAWING AWAY the badly needed SUPPORT, that otherwise = would have been available for around here. =============================================================== CRUDE DIAGNOSTIC OF THE CARIBBEAN NETWORKING--------------------------------------------- This issue calls for prompt action. It begins byecognizing the objective real situation. The rest shouldollows naturally, namely the assignment of the requiredesources, with participation of the key players in this field.he Caribbean is not another northern district (indeed it is notuite Latin America either), it has proved to hold aelicate mixture of values demanding a tactful approach. It's still a long way to Caribbean integration, evenn the cyber-Caribbean... FUNREDES have repeatedly insisted that a "user connectivity"omponent was still missing to facilitate the research andcademic users growth and institutionalization (as it is tried,or instance in Cuba and the Dominican Republic). By "useronnectivity" (instead of "physical connectivity") we mean aomprehensive set of actions, from decision makers sensitization,ser training, user group forming, to the production andrganization of national and regional information base. Theeinforcing of the level of institution and the technologyransfer being the key criteria of success, besides the numberf real and satisfied users. FUNREDES have been unsuccessful so far to convey this messageo those interested in the Caribbean and susceptible to supportctions. As a matter of fact:) REDID received no further support after 1993, and itsperation and growth have been, as a consequence, seriouslyffected in the period mid-1994 to mid-1995, with a total trafficecrease. With a total investment of say 75,000 US$, REDIDould have turned today more than 70% of the targetedesearchers into real users (instead of 25%). This is lesshan the cost of standing a regional meeting for makingecision about what to do to solve the very problem of theominican network :-(.) FUNREDES, although a consistently active and productive fieldlayer in the Caribbean, since 1988 (see note 8), has nevereen called to participate in the consultive or decisionegional meetings on Caribbean networks, and, furthermore,s totally absent from the list of funded NGOs in that regionnd in that field. It is ironical and sad to confess thanUNREDES, a non profit field oriented organization, haveore success getting support from private companies thanrom the "funding" agencies...ONCLUSION--------------------------------------------------------------- If the grass-root people are going to disappear, because of theack of support, who will implement the nice strategies discussedn the regional meetings where several internationalunctionaries gathered from all over the world to decide theuture of other people who are not even involved in the process? How about a 10% "field tax" collect on these meetings to go tohe people who are doing the job, back in the field?hat will probably be enough to maintain the field organizationslive without preventing these meetings to happen...----------------------------------------------------------------ne can expect that the simple facing of these figures will giveome matter for reflection to the funding agencies about theroductivity of their investments and about the real importancend productivity of those who are struggling in the field, witheduced support, to keep grass-roots efforts going on.ow about a fair and constructive vision of Caribbean Networking?est regards from the Dominican Republic,=========================================================================aniel Pimienta and colleagues fromoundation Networks and Development (FUNREDES)O BOX 2972- Santo Domingo tel: + 1 809 535 2422ominican Republic fax: 535 6646anto Domingo [email protected] [email protected]=========================================================================OTE 1: INTERNET IN THE DOMINICAN REP.-------------------------------------ay 4th, the private company AACR announced the start of itservice and its willingness to cooperate for totally free accesso REDID members. This was reported in KISKEYA and SALSA lists.he two other telecom operators CODETEL and TRICOM are about toarket their respective services (and, hopefully, complementaryr alternative offers to REDID).OTE 2: FUNREDES AND REDID INTERNET NODES-----------------------------------------FUNREDES got, as a donation from SUN Corp., two Sparc Servershich will provide for the two respective nodes.AACR offered, free of charge, the Internet connectivity via itswn infrastructure, for both nodes.CID (a British cooperation agency) is going to take caref the cost of the person to drive the technical efforts for bothodes.FUNREDES is in the process to recruit this Unix/Internet skillederson to move along.OTE 3: HAITI NETWORK UPDATE---------------------------REHRED is still waiting funds for its technical connectivityetup (here again, the request was around 75,000 US$, and timesoes on!).REHRED steering committee is keeping on the work for thenstitutional and organizational layers. More people/institutionsre getting involved in the process (meanwhile, most aresing the commercial e-mail service available -ACN- as standardustomers).Christian Aid is supporting a part of the FUNREDES effort tossist REHRED; Senaida Jansen is about to go in mission to helphe coordination group and FUNREDES is committed for a trainingffort to be held last trimester 95.OTE 4: REDID TRAFFIC DATA-------------------------hese results are obtained from partial data collected from bothhe codemail node and the UPR2 node. We are in the process toomplete the data and cross-check the results. Meanwhile, one canse the average figures since there are strong and relativelytable patterns.table observed patterns (period from 10/94 to 5/95):ercentage of REDID in-bound messages: 50%ercentage of out-bound messages: 50%Of which, incoming: 80%Of which, outgoing: 20%VG DAILY External incoming (from Internet to REDID) = .8 MbytesVG DAILY External outgoing (from REDID to Internet) = .2 MbytesVG DAILY Internal (from REDID to REDID) = 1.0 Mbytes__________________________________________________________________VG DAILY Total = 2.0 Mbyteshich makes the 30x2. = 60 Mbytes monthly figure we used.OTE 5: REDID USER FIGURES-------------------------EDID publish on a regular basis its user listing. After theifficult period of 1994/95, in terms of user support andnstallation (as a consequence from the absence of externalupport), REDID is in the process to reinforce its operationwith the cooperation of FUNREDES) and to update the listing.here are now some 120 end-users from 60 member institutionsnot all of them having "real users"). The growth factor whichave been relatively stable, between 1 and 2 new institutionser month, should climb now to an estimated 3 to 6 with themprovment of the operation and the strong Internet mediattention in the country.he number of user per institutions varies from one unito a maximum of 26 and 16, respectively for UNDP and PUCMM inantiago (among the rare institutions having been capable torganize the REDID access via LAN). The NGOs are the most activesers of REDID. Although connections are organized in severalniversities, the systematic in-networking of the Dominicanniversities is still a pending item in the national agendathis issue escapes from REDID responsibility). Besides REDID andUNET/PUCMM.DO, several BBS initiatives (as in INTEC) are tryingo fill the gap, still open, for the students connectivity.OTE 6: CUNET USER FIGURES EXTRAPOLATION---------------------------------------f one uses, as a projection factor, the ratio "data volume/user"f REDID (during the period 10/94 til 4/95) and backup it withome traffic assumptions, it is possible to guess some userigures for CUNET. Obviously, this is just an extrapolation,rovided for the sake of comparison, and should be treated thens such. I wish that Cunet node administrators will correct thextrapolated figures and publish the real ones (together withhe associated directories, so that to facilitate then-Caribbean communication).Traffic assumptions:verage data exchange volume per user per day= 16 Kbyteswhich represents an average 4 messages of an average 4Kbytes).his comes from the simple scheme:/2 infrequent users (few msg. per week) Avg. daily= 4 Kbytes/4 average users (few msg. per day) Avg. daily= 12 Kbytes/4 frequent users (few tenth of msg.per day) Avg.= 44 Kbytes_______________________________________________________________otal average = 16 Kbyteshich makes an average .5 Mbytes per user per month.he variance is obviously very high, and then the extrapolationrocess is uncertain where the user figures is very low, as inost Cunet nodes (one single active user may generate as much as0 times more Bytes than a slow one!).t is worth noting that:The monthly figure obtained does correspond to the REDIDollected data.Subscribed persons without an e.mail address defined or with aull traffic e.mail address are NOT considered users until theytart to effectively use the services.Some network administrators are not respecting this obviousule, confusing administrative paperwork with electronicommunication, and this is why, in the absence of homogenousata, the traffic volume is the most relevant parameter for thevaluation of the state of a network.or the CUNET node, the average of the published data has beensed.SER COMPARISON TABLE=============================================================== ISO-CODE AVG MBytes PROJ. POPULATION COUNTRY COUNTRY Per Month USERS (MILLION) Antigua and Bermuda AG 1.06 2 .07 Bahamas BS 4.15 8 .25 Barbados BB 8.59 17 .26 Belize BZ 13.74 28 .19 Dominican Rep CUNET DO 3.62 7 7.00**Dominican Rep REDID DO 60.00 120 7.00 Grenada GR 0.63 1 .10 Guyana GY 0.10 1 .80 St. Lucia LC 11.72 24 .14 Vincent and Gren. VC 0.79 2 .11 Suriname SR 2.29 5 .42 Trinidad/Tobago TT 17.14 34 1.30________________________________________________________OTAL CUNET 66.92 129 10.64OTAL REDID 60.00 120 7.00===============================================================ote: If one takes into account the size of the population, someUNET nodes (such as St Lucia and Belize) hold notable figures inerms of market penetration. It will be worth studying whatactors have produced those interesting results.OTE 7: REDALC METHODOLOGY REFERENCE-----------------------------------"Crear redes de investigadores en paises en desarrollo es otraistoria", FUNREDES, 7/92"Research Networks in Developing Countries: Not exactly the sametory!", Proceeding of INET93, San Francisco, 8/93, FAB1-11tored in GNET electronic archive (FTP irectory "global_net", file "research_net_guide.txt))"REDALC Methodology", Matrix News, 9/93 (shorter version)he Chapter V ("A private hot tub vs. a public swimming pool") isarticularly relevant to the point we are making, as it tries tohow, in a humoristic fashion, that:Building a network has much to do with the gathering of peoplender a common and structures organizational scheme thannstalling hardware and software".OTE 8: LIST OF FUNREDES ACTIONS IN THE CARIBBEAN-------------------------------------------------***>REDALC WORKSHOP, Santo Domingo, 8/91: REDALC (Red demerica Latina y el Caribe) is a project of Union Latina,unded by European Union and with the participation of Unesco andunredes. The feasibility study of the projectstablished the methodological framework for all the subsequentctions of the group. The partners will publish, by the end ofhe year, a comprehensive document about LA&C networking.here is no plan for execution though. he REDALC Workshop, with official guests from Dominican Rep.,aiti, Cuba and Puerto Rico had a strong Caribbean component anderved as genesis for the launching of the Peruvian, Dominicannd Haitian networks.TATUS= Executed.***>IMPACT STUDY OF NETWORKS IN ANTILLES FRANCAISES, withonseil Regional on European Union budget.TATUS= Completed, June 92.***>REDID, May 92-May 95: successively, PTT negotiation,aunch, operation, technology transfer, technical assistanceor the Dominican research network.TATUS=well and alive, migration to Internet on the way.***>REDID USER WORKSHOP, July 92: the first organized effortn the region to provide comprehensive and massive USERRAINING (some 100 people attended this effort sponsored byuropean Union, co-organized with Unesco/Cresalc which allow theathering of several key people in that field).TATUS= Executed and documented.***>CARIBBEAN NETWORKS FIRST REGIONAL WORKSHOP, May 93: theirst project for the meeting of all Caribbean networksield actors, organized by the Cuban, Venezuelan and Dominicaneople.TATUS= Last week cancelled because of lack of funding, nevereorganized for the same reason.umerous meeting has been later organized in the Caribbeanbout networking, none with the presence of the principalield actors. Each year since 1991, a regional meeting isrganized for LA&C networks, the absence of representation of theajority of the Caribbean networks is unfortunately the norm.***>REHRED WORKSHOPS, May 93: the first step towards the Haitianetwork.TATUS= Executed and documented***>REHRED, may 93-may 95: the process for creation of theaitian research network, difficult but stubborn move, in spitef the political turmoils and the persistent lack of funding (isot that surprising?).TATUS=On the move but badly need funding.***>[email protected], mid-93; listserv for Dominicanep. researchers (150 subscribed).TATUS= (average) ACTIVE***>[email protected], mid-93: Listserv for the Caribbean170 subscribers).TATUS= (slow) ACTIVE0***>[email protected], mid 93: Listserv for Haitianesearchers (140 subscribers).TATUS= (quite) ACTIVE1***>SALSA-TRAN, beg. 94: Project to provide automaticanguage translation in the SALSA listserv so that to facilitaten-Caribbean communication.TATUS= Waiting for funding.2***>NEO-LISTSERV, 10/93: Project to enhance the management ofur listservs with the coupling of an electronic archive andhe creation of reference notes by an information specialist.TATUS= Waiting for funding.3***>CARITIN (Caribbean Integration Through Informationetwork), 10/93: a comprehensive project for adding useronnectivity and contents in the Caribbean networks.TATUS= Waiting for funding (and also for feed-back).ote: If PSG.COM wish so we could provide a copy to be stored.4***>SAMANA: a project to gather a brain force (in Samana,ominican Republic) to overlook the impact of the Internet in theouth.TATUS= Defined, waiting for funding.5***>TELESINERGIA: a project defined to coordinate mixedoint-ventures in the Caribbean Basin for the constitution of aompetitive force to target the information market. Twenty onearibbean related institutions have signed formal agreementso cooperate with TELESINERGIA. Taking into account the Internetvolution toward a commercial media and in answer to the NGOsunding crisis, FUNREDES have conceived its new strategicalroject and an original contribution to the above mentionedvolution.TATUS= Fund hunting expected soon thanks to Bolivarrogram's "Enlace" mechanism.6***>CARIBBEAN RIGHTS NETWORKING and TEACHING: Funredesas been requested, by Huridocs and Caribbean Rights, to helparibbean Human Rights Branches their way to networking.ction made locally, end of 94, in Barbados (helping the branchonnection to Cunet and training) and in Haiti. Actions totart for remote coordination with Cunet administratorsow. Regional action planned last trimester in Santo Domingoor user training.TATUS= ON ITS WAY.7***>GENDER AND NETWORKS IN THE CARIBBEAN:TATUS= DEFINITION STAGE8***>COMPUTER MEDIATED EDUCATION FOR CARIBBEAN INTEGRALEVELOPMENT: In partnership with ADEP-Martinique (Associationour le Developpement de la Pedagogie) and UAG (Universitentilles-Guyane), this project targets the valorization ofultural, linguistic, social and touristic assets of thearibbean, by the use of new information technologies.TATUS= DEFINITION STAGE9***>TRAINING AND FORMING VIRTUAL COMMUNITY: Assistance fromUNREDES to ENDA-CARIBE for networking activities in thearibbean.TATUS=ON-GOING0***>FUNREDES INTERNET NODE AND WEB (with a cleararibbean orientation)TATUS=STARTING NOWrom [email protected] Tue May 30 13:56:20 1995essage-Id: <[email protected]>ate: Tue, 30 May 95 16:56 EDTrom: [email protected] (am146)ubject: UUCP Traffic for Selected Caribbean nodeso: Steven G Huter c: [email protected]: RO Unofficial UUCP Traffic for CUNet nodes Prepared by Archie Marshall [email protected] Country Code UUCP TRAFFIC (MBytes)================================================================= OCT 94 NOV 94 DEC 94 JAN 95 FEB 95 ========================================== AG 1.24 0.91 0.87 1.25 1.03 BS 6.89 3.24 2.40 3.31 4.89 BB 5.07 4.81 7.65 9.78 15.66 BZ 13.92 9.78 12.63 16.05 16.31 DO 2.78 3.66 4.85 4.57 2.25 GD 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.07 0.19 GY 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.10 0.15 JM N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A LC 10.05 7.78 10.62 17.52 12.63 VC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 1.29 SR 1.56 1.15 2.10 3.47 3.19 TT 10.46 9.67 13.96 24.88 26.74 ===== ====== ====== ======= ======OTAL 51.97 41.22 55.09 82.29 84.33ote: Jamaica has migrated from UUCP based networks to full Internet connected networks. This data is provided for Research and Educational use only.ountry ISO codentigau and Barbuda AGahamas BSarbados BBelize BZominican Republic DOrenada GDuyana GYamaica JMt. Kitts KNt. Lucia LCt. Vincent and the Grenadines VCuriname SRrinidad and Tobago TTaw traffic data supplied by the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) andhe Commomwealth of Learning (COL).rom [email protected] Fri May 26 08:20:26 1995-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t nil][nil "Fri" "26" "May" "1995" "11:19" "EDT" "[email protected]" "[email protected]" nil "321" "Caribbean networks update (5/95) " "^Date:" nil nil "5" nil nil nil nil]nil)essage-Id: <[email protected]>ate: Fri, 26 May 95 11:19 EDTrom: [email protected] (am146)ubject: Caribbean networks update (5/95)o: Steven G Huter c: [email protected]: RO CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENTntroductionhe OAS funded CUNet project has developed considerable over the pastix months, adding new UUCP sites and expanding old ones. The additionf new UUCP nodes in Belize, Guyana, St. Vincent and Trinidad has drivenser levels well above the two thousand (2,000) mark. The awarenessreated by CUNet developments coupled with that of Internet commerceas created the scope for the development of commercial Internet servicesithin the Caribbean. Local telecommunication companies are quicklyealizing the potential of the new market and are putting in place links toeal with potential demands. The first was developed in Barbados by theocal telecommunication provider - BET, with Antigua, Jamaica andrinidad to follow soon.etwork Developmentelecommunications cost is still racking havoc on the development of fullnternet connectivity in the academic sector of Caribbean. Moves towardutual collaboration between institutions within the this sector has lead tohe development of full Internet connectivity in Jamaica (The JAMNetroject). Other islands like the Bahamas, Barbados, St. Lucia, St. Vincentnd Trinidad are expected to follow soon. On the other hand new sites areeing developed on the UUCP side of the network, doubling usage everyix (6) months.UCP Network Developmentsuyana implemented its first sites in early 1995 and by the end ofanuary three (3) CUNet sites all fully operational. it all began in latectober 1994 when we began testing a CUNet nodemplementation at the IICA office in Georgetown. A month later, anndependent researcher in Guyana with hisounterpart in the US began experimenting with UUCP dial-upodes implementation in the same city, in an effort to sensitize moreeople to the use of the Internet in Guyana. As a result theyequested to join the CUNet project and a second node wasstablished in Georgetown in early January 1995.he third and final node began testing on January 23, 1995 at theniversity of Guyana and is now fully operational. Both countriesave been registering steady growth as indicated by the traffictatistics in the document Caribbean UUCP Traffic.n April 1995 we began testing another CUNet node in St. Kitts on ahared telephone line. An additional telephone line has since beenequested by the Ministry of Education and this node will be fullyperational as soon as the requested telephone line is installed. Allther existing sites (see Appendix A) have experiencedremendous growth, with many planned expansions over the nextouple of months. As the expansion continues new sites arexpected in Dominica, where we are presently in dialogue with theinistry of Education; St. Lucia, where a second site is presently inesting at the Sir Arthur Lewis College; and non OAS membertates like BVI and Cayman. APPENDIX A ------------------------OUNTRY NODE ADDRESS ADMINISTRATORntigua @uhsa.edu.ag - George S. Daniel UHSA School of Medicine P.O. Box 510 Saint Johns, Antigua Tel: (809) 460-1391 Fax: (809) 460-1477 e-mail: [email protected] @cob.edu.bs Barbara Ambrister Computer Center College of the Bahamas P.O. Box 4912 Nashua, Bahamas Tel: (809) 323-8550 Fax: (809) 326-7834 E-mail: [email protected] @uwichill.edu.bb - Robert Williams Computer Center Univ. of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus P.O. Box 64 Bridgetown, Barbados Tel: (809) 425-1310 Fax: (809) 425-1327 E-mail: [email protected] @ucb.edu.bz - Brian Candler Univ. College of Belize PO Box 990 Belize City Belize, Central America Tel: (501) 2-32732 Fax: (501) 1-30255 E-mail: [email protected] @pucmm.edu.do - Flavio Moncion Radames Mejia Pontificia Univ. Catolica Madre y Maestra Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana Tel: (809) 535-0111 Fax: (809) 535-0053 E-mail: [email protected] @gnc.edu.gd - Loretta Simon Grenada National College Tanteen St. George's, Grenada. Tel: (809) 440-2652 Fax: (809) 440-2123 E-mail: [email protected] @iica.org.gy Jerry LA GRA Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture P.O. Box 10-1089 Georgetown, Guyana, S.A. Tel: (592) 2-68347 or 63413 Fax: (592) 2-58358 E-Mail: [email protected] @jbs.org.gy Govind Jagroop Independent Researcher 55 Fourth Street Alberttown Georgetown, Guyana Tel: (592) 2-63691 E-Mail: [email protected] @uog.edu.gy R. Samaroo Computer Studies University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Box 101110 Georgetown, Guyana Tel: (592) 2-63691 Fax: (592) 2-54885 E-Mail: [email protected] @cast.edu.jm - Junior Crawford 237 Old Hope Road Kingston 6, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-1610 Fax: (809) 927-1925 E-mail: [email protected] @uwimona.edu.jm - Keith Manison Senate House Principal's Office Univ. of the West Indies Mona Campus Kingston 7, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-2781 Fax: (809) 927-2156 E-mail: [email protected]. Lucia @isis.org.lc - Albert Daniels ISIS P.O. Box GM 717 Castries, St. Lucia Tel: (809) 452-3702 Fax: (809) 453-7690 E-mail: [email protected]. Vincent andhe Grenadines @mcw.gov.vc - Donnie De Freitas Min. of Communications and Works. P.O. Box 58 Kingstown, St. Vincent & the Gernadines Tel: (809) 457-2279 Fax: (809) 456-2168 E-mail: [email protected] @uvs.edu.sr - Gerold Van Dijk Univ. Computer Center Univ. of Suriname Leysweg, POB 9212 Paramaribo, Suriname Tel: (597) 4-65558 Fax: (597) 4-62291 E-mail: [email protected] @cariri.gov.tt - Sharon Laurentnd Tobago CARIRI Tunapuna Trinidad and Tobago [email protected] @niherst.gov.tt - Kathy-Ann Joseph NIHERST 20 Victoria Avenue Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 625-4145 Fax: (809) 625-4161 E-mail: [email protected] @ldc.uwi.tt - Patrick Hosein Faculty of Engineering University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 645-3232 x2514 Fax: (809) 662-4414 E-mail: [email protected] @ima.gov.tt Alan Duncan IMA Hilltop Lane Chaguaramas Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 634-4291-4 Fax: (809) 634-4433 @sam.edu.tt - Vinod Bridglalsinhg [email protected] NODES IN TESTING STAGEt. Kitts and Nevis Ira Mamohon College of Further Education P.O. Box 186 Bassetrre, St. Kiits, W.I. Tel: (809) 456-2090 Fax: (809) 456-5202t. Lucia Carson Miller Sir Arthur Lewis Community College Morne, Fortune Castries St. Lucia, W.I. Tel: (809) 452-5507 Fax: (809) 452-7901rom [email protected] Wed Mar 29 14:35:18 1995o: [email protected]: Document Submissionrom: [email protected] (G Richards)ate: Wed, 29 Mar 1995 17:00:00 -0500rganization: CRS Online (Toronto, Ontario)tatus: ROo the Moderator. have been recently on contract with the Caribbeanevelopment Bank in Barbados (West Indies) assisting themith their Internet Initiative. have in the process accumulated some research findings wrtnternet initiatives/projects/services currently provided oreing finalized. submit the attached for your consideration:=======================ITLE: CURRENT PROJECTS AND INITIATIVES (IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEAN) CONTAINING AN INTERNET OR REGIONAL COMMUNICATIONS COMPONENTATE: Current as of December 1994UTHOR: George Richards - Consultant, Toronto, CANADA ([email protected]) Voice: (416) 282-8964 FAX : (416) 282-9802----------------------------------------------------------------------------cknowledgement: This data was compiled as part of a study commissioned by the Caribbean Development Bank - CDB (Management Services and Administration Department - MS&A). This document is therefore published with the permission of Mrs. Kathleen Gordon (Deputy Director MS&A). The author also wished to acknowledge the assistance of the staff and management of the Caribbean Development Bank - Project Department without whose input this document would not have been possible. Thanks also to Mr Archie Marshall (CUNet Consultant OAS), for his useful list of country contacts.isclaimer The author is soley responsible for the content of this document. Information was derived in large part by contact with the resources described above. The author would appreciate being advised of any errors and omissions, and regrets any inconvenience caused by any such inaccuracies.cope: The region addressed by this document are the Borrowing Member Countries (BMC's) of the Caribbean Development Bank, and others. Of these countries only the countries where response or data was available are mentioned. These include: Antigua Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda Dominica Grenada Guyana Jamaica St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines St. Kitts, Nevis and Montserrat Trinidad & Tobagoackground: This document was developed during the project identification phase of the CDB's current INTERNET initiative. This project is intended to enable improved regional and international telecommunications access and INTERNET connectivity to institutions, associations, consultants and Financial Intermediaries of the CDB. The purpose of the document is to identify the many and sometimes overlapping regional initiatives funded by one or more of the many multilateral lending agencies in the region. As such, further overlap would be avoided, and where possible, the stated objectives of some of these initiatives (that were still in their early stages) might be redefined. It appears that this objective has been somewhat successful in drawing together the principals of many current projects.reamble: The information on the following projects/initiatives has been obtained (for the most part) through communication with the coordinators of many of these projects. The information presented has been supplied by these respondents and may therefore contain errors and omissions because of insufficient time and resources (on the part of the author), to verify and corroborate these statements. As additional information becomes available, this document will be enhanced and updated to reflect the current status of Internet access in the english speaking Caribbean.urrent Initiatives/Services a) Agency and Institutional 1. UWIDITE 2. CUnet (An OAS initiative) - Caribbean Academic & Scientific Network 3. SEDU (OECS/UNDP/IDRC/CDB)- Small Enterprise Development Unit 4. UNDP - SIDSNET - Small Island Development Network 5. UNECLAC - AMBIONET - Ecomomic Commission for Latin America & the Caribbean 6. ACCURIL - Association of Caribbean University Research and Institutional Librarians 7. CANA (ITU) - Caribbean News Agency 8. WMO (UNDP) - World Meteorological Organization 9. CET - ASYCUDA (UNDP / GDB) - Common External Tarriff 10. RSSA (CDB / EC) - Regional Space Agency 11. UWI - # Campus Link (IDB) 12. CAPACITY / 21 13. PAHO - Pan American Health Organization 14. IICA - Inter American Institute for cooperation in AgricultureThis list excludes institutions and agencies that have independentlycontracted for direct dialup service with service providers in the US,UK, etc. b) Commercial 15. Barbados - Instant Access - The Junction - BET / Caribbean OnLine (Barbados External Telecoms) - Sandlinx / RBS - Regional Business Systems 16. Trinidad - Opus Network - TSTT - Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago 17. Jamaica - INFOCHANNEL - TOJ (Telecommunications of Jamaica) - IAI/ICL - Fujitsu ICL (Caribbean) 18. Bermuda - IBL (Internet Bermuda Ltd.) - Bermuda Communications 19. Bahamas - IBL (Bahamas) 20. USVI - ATN (CANTO) - Atlantic Telephone Networks c) Private 21. AMOCO ( American Oil Company) 22. TEXACO These services are limited to /for use by these corporations only These private corporations (multinationals) have established their own communications infrastructure based on satellite linkage to their parent in the continental USA. Essentially they bypass the local communications carriers for voice, fax, video and data. Their use is primarily for inter-company messaging and because of security concerns, their use of internet may be limited at present. d) Other Services 23. Compuserve (South America - Venezuela , and Puerto Rico) 24. Prodigy (As above) e) New Infrastructure 25. The OAS fibreoptic linkage Florida-Jamaica-Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. Now operational 26. The ECFI (Eastern Caribbean Fibre Initiative). Tortola via all larger Eastern Caribbean Islands through to Trinidad & Tobago. Bridge to Venezuela and then via South/ Central America Fibre link to USA. These initiatives are funded by consortia of regional (Cable & Wireless) and offshore carriers (AT&T ), and other European Carriers (France). They are intended primarily to expand existing voice/data capabilities, but have the capacity to support significant new internet capability.Description of Selected Initiatives 1. UWIDITE (UWI - University of the West Indies) Objective: Distance education communications between UWI campus and non-campus sites. Participating Agencies: UWI, regional governments, Cable & Wireless and other equipment suppliers Area/Region: Belize, Jamaica, Cayman, Eastern Caribbean (excl Guyana) Scope of Initiative: Video and Audio conferencing with minimal Internet (e-mail) via dedicated switched lines through St. Lucia. Timing of Implementation: First Phase complete. Second phase pending phase approvals and equipment upgrades. Funding: CDB (Caribbean Development Bank) Structure/Administration: Campus-based local administrators Network control in Jamaica (Mona Campus). 2. CUNet (Caribbean Academic and Scientific Network) Objective: To enable linkage within and from educational institutions within the region Participating Agencies: OAS,the local educational institution, and local government, UWI. Area/Region: English, Spanish and Dutch states and island institutions from Belize thru to Suriname. Scope of Initiative: UUCP internet mail and conferencing. Full internet service planned in states where infrastructure is available (eg. Jamaica, Bahamas, etc.) Timing of Implementation: UUCP operational. Full Internet ongoing. Funding: OAS - Capital Costs Internet connection costs - NSF Local leased lines - local institutions Some of the local sites and networks comprising CUnet include: Belize - University College (BELINET) - PRIDE - Center for Environmental Studies - Center for Development Training - Society for Promotion of Education and Research - Institute for Central American Development Studies - CARICOM (Fisheries Division) - Belmopan Junior College - National Library Service Jamaica - UWI - Mona Campus (JAMNET) - CAST (College of Arts Science & Technology) Trinidad- UWI - Trinidad (St. Augustine) Campus - NIHERST - Trinidad - CARIRI (Caribbean Industrial Research Institute) - Caribbean Union College Bahamas - College of Bahamas St. Andrews High School Respect Academy Suriname- University of Suriname Barbados- UWI - Cave Hill Campus Antigua - UHSA School of Medicine Grenada - National College St.Lucia- ISIS Guyana - University of Guyana St.Vincent- Ministry Communications & Works 3. SEDU (Small Enterprise Development Unit) Objective: To foster and support Small Scale Enterprise Participating Agencies: IDRC Area/Region: Eastern Caribbean (OECS) Scope of Initiative: Not Known Timing of Implementation: Ongoing Funding: Not Known 4. UNDP / SIDSNET - Small Island Development Network Objective: Regional node for worldwide UNDP Small Island Development Initiative Participating Agencies: UNDP, Country governments, other agencies Area/Region: Caribbean Region (reporting to central coordinating body at UNDP New York) Scope of Initiative: All aspects of developmental planning and information exchange Timing of Implementation: Dependant on Regional initiatives Funding: UNDP - Research and facilitation Regional Governments - Self sustainingrom [email protected] Wed Oct 26 14:33:18 1994essage-Id: <[email protected]>eturn-Path: ate: Wed, 26 Oct 94 17:32 EDTrom: [email protected] (am146)ubject: Re: JamNet, etc.o: [email protected] (Steven Huter)c: [email protected], Archie MARSHALL tatus: ROteven, Here is an update for your gopher..to October 1994...egardsrchieARIBBEAN, ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC NETWORK (CUNet) DEVELOPMENTS.repared by: Archie Marshall [email protected] Preface In 1991, the Organization of American States(OAS) approved the initiative entitled "Hemisphere-Wide Inter-University Scientific and Technological Information Network"(RedHUCyT). Under this project the Caribbean Academic, Scientific and Technological Network(CUNet) was established to provide the basic infrastructure for electronic information exchange and the development of Internet connectivity. The infrastructure of this network is to serve as basis for the integration and coordination of efforts through the sharing of experiences, information, methodology, protocols, technical standards, problems and solutions related to the development of science, education and technology in the region. This project allowes for the development of dial-up UUCP and full TCP/IP Internet connected networks in Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. Presently, there other nodes are being tested in Guyana, we expected that they will all be fully functional by the end of 1994.ONNECTIVITY WITHIN THE CARIBBEANhe Internet is now a buzz word in the academic and businessommunity of the Caribbean region. Private sector companies bothulti-national and local are very interested in the Internet services andome local telecommunication companies are just making moves to offerommercial connections within the region. Until recently, the privateector within the region made only limited use of the Internet services.inety nine percent (99%) of the traffic generated in this sector camerom private companies that were either directly involved with or servicingcademic and research institutions. Electronic mail was the only servicevailable in most places, mostly through CUNet nodes. Other companiesere interested in unrestricted use and only the universities and collegesad any links what so ever. Further to this many private sector entitiesad no exposure to the Internet at all.ccess to full Internet interactive services became a reality towards theiddle of this year for at least two participating institutions, with theevelopment of full connectivity for the academic sector of Jamaica.AMNet - the Jamaica Internet project was completed under the CUNetroject connecting the University of the West Indies Mona campus andollege of Arts, Science and Technology through Sprintlink and theational Science Foundation network(NSFNet) to the Internet. While newUCP nodes were developed in St. Vincent and Guyana adding to thever twenty(20) UUCP sites scattered throughout ten(10) countries of thearibbean region.hese developments have impacted significantly on all sectors of regionnd as a result some local telecommunication companies are trying toove as fast as they can to make Internet connectivity available toveryone on a commercial basis through the Commercial Internetxchange. The first commercial site was implemented around mideptember by BARTEL, the Barbados local telecommunication provider.evelopments in the Primary and Secondary Schoolshe development of connectivity at the secondary school level throughouthe region has progressed slowly. Real participation by schools started inahamas sometime around April 1994 with teachers using the existing networkst the College of the Bahamas to gain access to the Internet. To date teacherst St. Andrews High and Respect Academy, both located in the Bahamas, areery active. Other efforts in St. Lucia and else where to get schools involvedre being hampered by the lack the of knowledge and the equipment to dedicatedo this effort.uch is being done to address the problems faced by schools at this time.t is expected that over the next couple of months usage within this sectorill improve as key individuals become more familiar with the Internetervices.or More information on the CUNet project contact Dr. Saul Hahn at therganization of American States, Washington DC. E-mail:[email protected] POSSIBLE FIGURE HERE..... APPENDIX AHE PRESENT ACTIVE SITES ON THE CUNet NETWORK ARE:OUNTRY NODE ADDRESS ADMINISTRATORntigua @uhsa.edu.ag - George S. Daniel UHSA School of Medicine P.O. Box 510 Saint Johns, Antigua Tel: (809) 460-1391 Fax: (809) 460-1477 e-mail: [email protected] @cob.edu.bs Barbara Ambrister Computer Center College of the Bahamas P.O. Box 4912 Nashua, Bahamas Tel: (809) 323-8550 Fax: (809) 326-7834 E-mail: [email protected] @uwichill.edu.bb - Robert Williams Computer Center Univ. of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus P.O. Box 64 Bridgetown, Barbados Tel: (809) 425-1310 Fax: (809) 425-1327 E-mail: [email protected] @ucb.edu.bz - Brian Candler Univ. College of Belize PO Box 990 Belize City Belize, Central America Tel: (501) 2-32732 Fax: (501) 1-30255 E-mail: [email protected] @cet.edu.bz Peter Dacoff Center for Employment Training. Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 44798 Fax: +501 2 33659 E-mail: [email protected] @ndacf.org.bz Glenda Crawford PRIDE Belize 56 Barrack Road Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 33440/32131 Fax: +501 2 31825 E-mail: [email protected] @spear.org.bz Lusiola Castillo Society for the Promotion of Education and Research PO Box 1766 Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 31668/33476 Fax: +501 2 32367 E-mail: [email protected] @bces.org.bz Evan S. Cayetano Belize Center for Environmental Studies 55 Eve St Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 32348 Fax: +501 2 32347 E-mail: [email protected] @icads.org.bz Liz Miller Belize Coordinator Institute for Central American Development Studies 2 Palm Lane Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 71038 Fax: +501 2 77600 E-mail: [email protected] @cframp.gov.bz Paul Fanning CARICOM Fisheries Management Unit PO Box 642 Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 34443 Fax: +501 2 34446 E-mail: [email protected] @bcj.edu.bz Juan Carlos Namis Belmopan Junior College PO Box 340 Belmopan BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 8 23680/23681 Fax: +501 8 23735 E-mail: [email protected] @nls.gov.bz Joan Kolias National Library Service PO Box 287 Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 73401 Fax: +501 2 33415 E-mail: [email protected] @pucmm.edu.do - Flavio Moncion Radames Mejia Pontificia Univ. Catolica Madre y Maestra Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana Tel: (809) 535-0111 Fax: (809) 535-0053 E-mail: [email protected] @gnc.edu.gd - Loretta Simon Grenada National College Tanteen St. George's, Grenada. Tel: (809) 440-2652 Fax: (809) 440-2123 E-mail: [email protected] @cast.edu.jm - Courtney Walker 237 Old Hope Road Kingston 6, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-1610 Fax: (809) 927-1925 E-mail: [email protected] @uwimona.edu.jm - Keith Manison Senate House Principal's Office Univ. of the West Indies Mona Campus Kingston 7, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-2781 Fax: (809) 927-2156 E-mail: [email protected]. Lucia @isis.org.lc - Albert Daniels ISIS P.O. Box GM 717 Castries, St. Lucia Tel: (809) 452-3702 Fax: (809) 453-7690 E-mail: [email protected]. Vincent andhe Grenadines @mcw.gov.vc Donnie De Freitas Ministry of Communications and Works. P.O. Box 58 Kingstown, St. Vincent & the Gernadines Tel: (809) 457-2279 Fax: (809) 456-2168 E-mail: [email protected] @uvs.edu.sr - Gerold Van Dijk Univ. Computer Center Univ. of Suriname Leysweg, POB 9212 Paramaribo, Suriname Tel: (597) 4-65558 Fax: (597) 4-62291 E-mail: [email protected] @cariri.gov.tt - Sharon Laurentnd Tobago Caribbean Industrial Research Institute, Tunapuna P.O. Tunapuna Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 662-7161 [email protected] @niherst.gov.tt - Kathy-Ann Joseph National Institute of Higher Education, 4 Serpentine Place St. Clair Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 628-8523 Fax: (809) 622-7880 E-mail: [email protected] @ldc.uwi.tt - Patrick Hosein Faculty of Engineering University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 663-2001/ 2007 Fax: (809) 662-4414 E-mail: [email protected] @cuc.edu.tt - David Gates Caribbean Union College P.O. Box 175 Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 662-2241/ 2 Fax: (809) 662-1197 E-mail: [email protected] @sam.edu.tt - Vinod Bridglalsinhg [email protected] NODES IN TESTING STAGEuyana - Anthony Willis Office of the Vice Chancellor University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Box 101110 Georgetown, Guyana Tel: (592) 2-63691 Fax: (592) 2-54885 REVISED CARIBBEAN CONNECTIVITY SUMMARYUMBER OF ENTITIES WITH CUNet NETWORK CONNECTIVITY = 24ITNETol. 2 (Entities with international BITNET links.): minimal, one to five domestic BITNET sites, 18 entities: widespread, more than five domestic BITNET sites, 33 entitiesP INTERNETol. 3 (Entities with international IP Internet links.): = operational, accessible from entire IP Internet, 54 entities: = operational, not accessible via the NSFNET backbone, 2 entitiesUCPol. 4 (Entities with domestic UUCP sites which are connectedo the Global Multiprotocol Open Internet.): minimal, one to five domestic UUCP sites, 43 entities: widespread, more than five domestic UUCP sites, 64 entitiesIDONETol. 5 (Entities with domestic FIDONET sites which are con-ected to the Global Multiprotocol Open Internet): minimal, one to five domestic FIDONET sites, 20 entities: widespread, more than five domestic FIDONET sites, 59 entitiesSIol. 6 (Entities with international X.400 links to domesticites which are connected to the Global Multiprotocol Opennternet).: minimal, one to five domestic X.400 sites, 8 entities: widespread, more than five domestic X.400 sites, 23 entitiesmail connections to Albania, Algeria, Angola, Gambia, Malawi,ongolia, Morocco, Qatar, and Vietnam have been reportedut have not been verified or are not yet stable and hencere not included in the table or in the above totals.--u-- AG Antigua and Barbuda--u-- BS Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)-iu-- BB Barbados--u-- BZ Belize--uf- BM Bermuda----- KY Cayman Islands--U-- CU Cuba (Republic of)----- DM Dominica (Commonwealth of)--Uf- DO Dominican Republic--u-- GD Grenadab-u-- GP Guadeloupe (French Department of)----- GY Guyana (Republic of)----- HT Haiti (Republic of)-iu-- JM Jamaica----- MQ Martinique (French Department of)----- MS MontserratbIUF- PR Puerto Rico----- KN Saint Kitts and Nevis--u-- LC Saint Lucia--u-- VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines--u-- TT Trinidad and Tobago (Republic of)----- VG Virgin Islands (British)---f- VI Virgin Islands (U.S.)opyright 1993 Lawrence H. Landweber and the Internet Society. Unlimitedermission to copy or use is hereby granted subject to inclusionf this copyright notice.rom [email protected] Wed Apr 6 11:39:39 1994essage-Id: <[email protected]>ate: Wed, 06 Apr 94 14:38 EDTrom: [email protected] (am146)ubject: April '94 CUNet Update for your Gophero: [email protected]: ROandy, Please find April '94 CUNet Update for your Gopher...New additionsor Antigua, Belize and Trinidad ...egardsrchieARIBBEAN, ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC NETWORK (CUNet) DEVELOPMENTS.repared by: Archie Marshall CUNet Consultant [email protected] Introduction. In 1991, the Organization of American States(OAS) approved the initiative entitled "Hemisphere-Wide Inter-University Scientific and Technological Information Network"(RedHUCyT). Under this project the Caribbean Academic, Scientific and Technological Network(CUNet) was established to provide the basic infrastructure for electronic information exchange and the development of Internet connectivity. The infrastructure of this network is to serve as basis for the integration and coordination of efforts through the sharing of experiences, information, methodology, protocols, technical standards, problems and solutions related to the development of science, education and technology in the region. This project allowed for the development of dial-up UUCP networks for electronic mail access to the Internet in Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. Other nodes in testing stage are Guyana and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, all expected to be fully functional by mid 1994.ONNECTIVITY WITHIN THE CARIBBEAN The Internet concept is not new to the Caribbean and the demand for connectivity is high. Barbados, Belize, Jamaica, Trinidad, St Lucia and many of the other islands are far advance in the concepts of integrating information technology into economic development. Many of them already have professional information societies working in this area. These developments however, are not limited to the research and academic arenas, they have extended deep into the private sector. Thus a competitive force has started a race towards the development of full Internet connectivity in some areas. So as not to have this shadowed by the commercial practices, the move towards mutual collaboration between the academic and the private sector is being encouraged. This not only fosters the Internet culture, but provide for the financial foundation that is need for sustainable development. To this end new UUCP networks were developed in Antigua, Bahamas, and Belize, while network development in Guyana and Saint Vincent is well into the equipment acquiring stages. All other existing sites (see appendix A) except Grenada and Suriname have experienced fifty to two hundred percent growth in their networks, thus, placing new demands on their existing infrastructure. As a result the JAMNet project, Jamaica's Internet project has been established under the CUNet project in Jamaica and BELINet in Belize. Other countries are expected to follow suit soon. JAMNet is a digital computer network which will provide high speed interconnectivity between Universities, Colleges, Research Institutions (both Public and Private) and the Internet, based on the communication architecture of the Internet "Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" in early 1994. This network is being undertaken by Jamaica, with the collaboration of the Organization of American States, Department of Scientific and Technological Affairs(OAS) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). BELINet on the other hand is extending the UUCP network links right through out Belize connecting colleges and schools to the CUNet site at the University College of Belize. This site then relays electronic mail messages to the Internet for all the other sites. The existence of a full connectivity project like JAMNet can provide the backbone for the establishment and linking of IP networks in other parts of the Caribbean region. This could have a significant impact on the scientific, academic and technological development within the region. With the introduction of the Internet technology comes the need for training. As a result considerable training within the areas of network Management, technical administration and Internetworking will have to be done. To this end training programs have been developed to standardize the level of training given under the CUNet project in these areas. The end result of which is the development of local personnel for the maintenance and development these systems. APPENDIX AHE PRESENT ACTIVE SITES ON THE CUNet NETWORK ARE:OUNTRY NODE ADDRESS ADMINISTRATORntigua @uhsa.edu.ag - George S. Daniel UHSA School of Medicine P.O. Box 510 Saint Johns, Antigua Tel: (809) 460-1391 Fax: (809) 460-1477 e-mail: [email protected] @cob.edu.bs Barbara Ambrister Computer Center College of the Bahamas P.O. Box 4912 Nashua, Bahamas Tel: (809) 323-8550 Fax: (809) 326-7834 E-mail: [email protected] @uwichill.edu.bb - Robert Williams Computer Center Univ. of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus P.O. Box 64 Bridgetown, Barbados Tel: (809) 425-1310 Fax: (809) 425-1327 E-mail: [email protected] @ucb.edu.bz - Brian Candler Univ. College of Belize PO Box 990 Belize City Belize, Central America Tel: (501) 2-32732 Fax: (501) 1-30255 E-mail: [email protected] @cet.edu.bz Peter Dacoff Center for Employment Training. Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 44798 Fax: +501 2 33659 E-mail: [email protected] @ndacf.org.bz Glenda Crawford PRIDE Belize 56 Barrack Road Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 33440/32131 Fax: +501 2 31825 E-mail: [email protected] @spear.org.bz Lusiola Castillo Society for the Promotion of Education and Research PO Box 1766 Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 31668/33476 Fax: +501 2 32367 E-mail: [email protected] @bces.org.bz Evan S. Cayetano Belize Center for Environmental Studies 55 Eve St Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 32348 Fax: +501 2 32347 E-mail: [email protected] @icads.org.bz Liz Miller Belize Coordinator Institute for Central American Development Studies 2 Palm Lane Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 71038 Fax: +501 2 77600 E-mail: [email protected] @cframp.gov.bz Paul Fanning CARICOM Fisheries Management Unit PO Box 642 Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 34443 Fax: +501 2 34446 E-mail: [email protected] @bcj.edu.bz Juan Carlos Namis Belmopan Junior College PO Box 340 Belmopan BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 8 23680/23681 Fax: +501 8 23735 E-mail: [email protected] @nls.gov.bz Joan Kolias National Library Service PO Box 287 Belize City BELIZE, Central America Tel: +501 2 73401 Fax: +501 2 33415 E-mail: [email protected] @pucmm.edu.do - Flavio Moncion Radames Mejia Pontificia Univ. Catolica Madre y Maestra Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana Tel: (809) 535-0111 Fax: (809) 535-0053 E-mail: [email protected] @gnc.edu.gd - Loretta Simon Grenada National College Tanteen St. George's, Grenada. Tel: (809) 440-2652 Fax: (809) 440-2123 E-mail: [email protected] @cast.edu.jm - Courtney Walker 237 Old Hope Road Kingston 6, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-1610 Fax: (809) 927-1925 E-mail: [email protected] @uwimona.edu.jm - Keith Manison Senate House Principal's Office Univ. of the West Indies Mona Campus Kingston 7, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-2781 Fax: (809) 927-2156 E-mail: [email protected]. Lucia @isis.org.lc - Albert Daniels ISIS P.O. Box GM 717 Castries, St. Lucia Tel: (809) 452-3702 Fax: (809) 453-7690 E-mail: [email protected] @uvs.edu.sr - Gerold Van Dijk Univ. Computer Center Univ. of Suriname Leysweg, POB 9212 Paramaribo, Suriname Tel: (597) 4-65558 Fax: (597) 4-62291 E-mail: [email protected] @cariri.gov.tt - Sharon Laurentnd Tobago [email protected] @niherst.gov.tt - Lars Johnson/ Ian Furlong NIHERST 4 Serpentine Place St. Clair Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 628-8523 Fax: (809) 622-7880 E-mail: [email protected] @ldc.uwi.tt - Patrick Hosein Faculty of Engineering University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 663-2001/ 2007 Fax: (809) 662-4414 E-mail: [email protected] @sam.edu.tt - Vinod Bridglalsinhg [email protected] NODES IN TESTING STAGEuyana - Anthony Willis Office of the Vice Chancellor University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Box 101110 Georgetown, Guyana Tel: (592) 2-63691 Fax: (592) 2-54885t. Vincent andhe Grenadines - Donnie De Freitas Min. of Communications and Works. P.O. Box 58 Kingstown, St. Vincent & the Gernadines Tel: (809) 457-2279 Fax: (809) 456-2168 REVISED CARIBBEAN CONNECTIVITY SUMMARYUMBER OF ENTITIES WITH CUNet NETWORK CONNECTIVITY = 9ITNETol. 2 (Entities with international BITNET links.): minimal, one to five domestic BITNET sites, 18 entities: widespread, more than five domestic BITNET sites, 33 entitiesP INTERNETol. 3 (Entities with international IP Internet links.): = operational, accessible from entire IP Internet, 54 entities: = operational, not accessible via the NSFNET backbone, 2 entitiesUCPol. 4 (Entities with domestic UUCP sites which are connectedo the Global Multiprotocol Open Internet.): minimal, one to five domestic UUCP sites, 43 entities: widespread, more than five domestic UUCP sites, 64 entitiesIDONETol. 5 (Entities with domestic FIDONET sites which are con-ected to the Global Multiprotocol Open Internet): minimal, one to five domestic FIDONET sites, 20 entities: widespread, more than five domestic FIDONET sites, 59 entitiesSIol. 6 (Entities with international X.400 links to domesticites which are connected to the Global Multiprotocol Opennternet).: minimal, one to five domestic X.400 sites, 8 entities: widespread, more than five domestic X.400 sites, 23 entitiesmail connections to Albania, Algeria, Angola, Gambia, Malawi,ongolia, Morocco, Qatar, and Vietnam have been reportedut have not been verified or are not yet stable and hencere not included in the table or in the above totals.--u-- AG Antigua and Barbuda--u-- BS Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)--u-- BB Barbados--u-- BZ Belize--uf- BM Bermuda----- KY Cayman Islands--U-- CU Cuba (Republic of)----- DM Dominica (Commonwealth of)--Uf- DO Dominican Republic--u-- GD Grenadab-u-- GP Guadeloupe (French Department of)----- GY Guyana (Republic of)----- HT Haiti (Republic of)--u-- JM Jamaica----- MQ Martinique (French Department of)----- MS MontserratbIUF- PR Puerto Rico----- KN Saint Kitts and Nevis--u-- LC Saint Lucia----- VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines--u-- TT Trinidad and Tobago (Republic of)----- VG Virgin Islands (British)---f- VI Virgin Islands (U.S.)opyright 1993 Lawrence H. Landweber and the Internet Society. Unlimitedermission to copy or use is hereby granted subject to inclusionf this copyright notice.rom [email protected] Wed Feb 16 14:36:44 1994essage-Id: <[email protected]>ate: Wed, 16 Feb 94 17:35 ESTrom: [email protected] (am146)ubject: Update for your Gophero: [email protected] (Randy Bush)tatus: ROandy, Please find update for your gopher on the ...included is thenformation on Bahamas...egardsrchieARIBBEAN, ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC NETWORK (CUNet) DEVELOPMENTS.repared by: Archie Marshall CUNet Consultant [email protected] Introduction. In 1991, the Organization of American States(OAS) approved the initiative entitled "Hemisphere-Wide Inter- University Scientific and Technological Information Network"(RedHUCyT). Under this project the Caribbean Academic, Scientific and Technological Network(CUNet) was established to provide the basic infrastructure for electronic information exchange and the development of Internet connectivity. The infrastructure of this network is to serve as basis for the integration and coordination of efforts through the sharing of experiences, information, methodology, protocols, technical standards, problems and solutions related to the development of science, education and technology in the region. This project allowed for the development of dial-up UUCP networks for electronic mail access to the Internet in Barbados, Belize, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. Other nodes in testing stage are Antigua, Bahamas, Guyana and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, all expected to be fully functional by January 1994. AMAICA'S INTERNET (JAMNet) JAMNet, the Jamaican Internet project is a digital computer network which will provide high speed interconnectivity between Universities, Colleges, Research Institutions (both Public and Private) and the Internet, based on the communication architecture of the Internet "Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" in early 1994. The key players the College of Arts, Science and Technology, and the University of the West Indies, Mona already have some considerable network facilities on their campuses. These campus networks are based on Netware IPX and the TCP/IP protocols. The University completed its FDDI ring which links its Supercomputer with the rest of the campus networks via TCP/IP. CAST on the other hand has established an ethernet backbone tunneling both IPX and TCP/IP on its campus. JAMNet is being undertaken with the collaboration of the Organization of American States, Department of Scientific and Technological Affairs(OAS) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The existence of the JAMNet network could provide a backbone for the establishment and linking of IP networks in other parts of the Caribbean region. This could have a significant impact on the scientific, academic and technological development within the Caribbean region.HE PRESENT ACTIVE SITES ON THE CUNet NETWORK ARE:OUNTRY NODE ADDRESS ADMINISTRATORahamas @cob.edu.bs Barbara Ambrister Computer Center College of the Bahamas P.O. Box 4912 Nashua, Bahamas Tel: (809) 323-8550 Fax: (809) 326-7834 e-mail: [email protected] @uwichill.edu.bb - Robert Williams Computer Center Univ. of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus P.O. Box 64 Bridgetown, Barbados Tel: (809) 425-1310 Fax: (809) 425-1327 e-mail: [email protected] @ucb.edu.bz - Brian Candler Univ. College of Belize College Street West Landivar Belize City, Belize Tel: (501) 2-32732 Fax: (501) 1-30255 e-mail: [email protected] @pucmm.edu.do - Flavio Moncion Radames Mejia Pontificia Univ. Catolica Madre y Maestra Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana Tel: (809) 535-0111 Fax: (809) 535-0053 e-mail: [email protected] @gnc.edu.gd - Loretta Simon Grenada National College Tanteen St. George's, Grenada. Tel: (809) 440-2652 Fax: (809) 440-2123 e-mail: [email protected] @cast.edu.jm - Courtney Walker 237 Old Hope Road Kingston 6, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-1610 Fax: (809) 927-1925 e-mail: [email protected] @uwimona.edu.jm - Keith Manison Senate House Principal's Office Univ. of the West Indies Mona Campus Kingston 7, Jamaica Tel: (809) 927-2781 Fax: (809) 927-2156 e-mail: [email protected]. Lucia @isis.org.lc - Albert Daniels ISIS P.O. Box GM 717 3 Castries, St. Lucia Tel: (809) 452-3702 Fax: (809) 453-7690 e-mail: [email protected] @uvs.edu.sr - Gerold Van Dijk Univ. Computer Center Univ. of Suriname Leysweg, POB 9212 Paramaribo, Suriname Tel: (597) 4-65558 Fax: (597) 4-62291 e-mail: [email protected] @cariri.gov.tt - Sharon Laurentnd Tobago [email protected] @niherst.gov.tt - Lars Johnson/ Ian Furlong NIHERST 4 Serpentine Place St. Clair Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (809) 628-8523 Fax: (809) 622-7880 e-mail: [email protected] @sam.edu.tt - Vinod Bridglalsinhg [email protected] NODES IN TESTING STAGEntigua - George S. Daniel UHSA School of Medicine P.O. Box 510 Saint Johns, Antigua Tel: (809) 460-1391 Fax: (809) 460-1477 e-mail: [email protected] - Anthony Willis Office of the Vice Chancellor University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Box 101110 Georgetown, Guyana Tel: (592) 2-63691 Fax: (592) 2-54885t. Vincent andhe Grenadines - Donnie De Freitas Min. of Communications and Works. P.O. Box 58 Kingstown, St. Vincent & the Gernadines Tel: (809) 457-2279 Fax: (809) 456-2168EVISED CARIBBEAN CONNECTIVITYUMMARYUMBER OF ENTITIES WITH CUNet NETWORK CONNECTIVITY = 9ITNETol. 2 (Entities with international BITNET links.): minimal, one to five domestic BITNET sites, 18 entities: widespread, more than five domestic BITNET sites, 33 entitiesP INTERNETol. 3 (Entities with international IP Internet links.): = operational, accessible from entire IP Internet, 54 entities: = operational, not accesible via the NSFNET backbone, 2 entitiesUCPol. 4 (Entities with domestic UUCP sites which are connectedo the Global Multiprotocol Open Internet.): minimal, one to five domestic UUCP sites, 43 entities: widespread, more than five domestic UUCP sites, 64 entitiesIDONETol. 5 (Entities with domestic FIDONET sites which are con-ected to the Global Multiprotocol Open Internet): minimal, one to five domestic FIDONET sites, 20 entities: widespread, more than five domestic FIDONET sites, 59 entitiesSIol. 6 (Entities with international X.400 links to domesticites which are connected to the Global Multiprotocol Opennternet).: minimal, one to five domestic X.400 sites, 8 entities: widespread, more than five domestic X.400 sites, 23 entitiesmail connections to Albania, Algeria, Angola, Gambia, Malawi,ongolia, Morocco, Qatar, and Vietnam have been reportedut have not been verified or are not yet stable and hencere not included in the table or in the above totals.----- AG Antigua and Barbuda--u-- BS Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)--u-- BB Barbados--u-- BZ Belize--uf- BM Bermuda----- KY Cayman Islands--U-- CU Cuba (Republic of)----- DM Dominica (Commonwealth of)--Uf- DO Dominican Republic--u-- GD Grenadab-u-- GP Guadeloupe (French Department of)----- GY Guyana (Republic of)----- HT Haiti (Republic of)--u-- JM Jamaica----- MQ Martinique (French Department of)----- MS MontserratbIUF- PR Puerto Rico----- KN Saint Kitts and Nevis--u-- LC Saint Lucia----- VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines--u-- TT Trinidad and Tobago (Republic of)----- VG Virgin Islands (British)---f- VI Virgin Islands (U.S.)opyright 1993 Lawrence H. Landweber and the Internet Society. Unlimitedermission to copy or use is hereby granted subject to inclusionf this copyright notice.rom [email protected] Mon Dec 13 12:49:46 1993rom: Saul Hahn ate: Mon, 13 Dec 1993 15:49:18 -0500essage-Id: <[email protected]>o: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]: CUNet correctionc: [email protected]: RO CUNet-Update his is an update on the Caribbean Universities Network project,UNet. am pleased to inform you that Belize, as part of CUNet, has aully operational node.UNet is at present being administered by the Organization ofmerican States (OAS), under the RedHUCyT umbrella project, withhe collaboration of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) and allhe member institutions.e are embarking in a second phase which includes provisions for full Internet connection for Jamaica using a leased 64Kbpsiber optics link to the NSF node in Homestead.e will continue expanding dial-up connectivity, through UPR, toll the remaining OAS Caribbean countries not yet in operation.n the next few weeks we expect nodes in Antigua and Barbuda,ahamas, Guyana, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to becomeully operational. Some of these nodes are already up on anxperimental basis.urrent operational nodes are in: Barbados, Belize, Dominicanepublic, Grenada, Jamaica, Suriname, Saint Lucia, and Trinidadnd Tobago. Other nodes are in testing stage. will keep you posted of further developmentsest regards,aul HahnTo: Dr Saul Hahn Subject: Belize joins CUNetFrom: [email protected] (Brian Candler)Message-ID: Date: Mon, 06 Dec 93 12:38:48 CSTOrganization: University College of BelizeStatus: RODear Dr Hahn,I am just writing to let you know that Belize's first CUNetelectronic mail node is now on-line. We have been pollingregularly since November 4th, and as a result of the OAS's kinddonation of a Telebit modem, our connection is now quitereliable.There are several other organisations in Belize which areinterested in getting connected; we are going to install adedicated phoneline so that other sites can dial in to UCB.Hopefully, therefore, there will soon be other CUNet nodesjoining the network.Thank you for the help and assistance you have provided, and Ilook forward to working with CUNet and the OAS to furtherdevelop networking in the region.Best Wishes,Brian Candler(VSO computer specialist, UCB)-------------------------------------------+--------------------University College of Belize, PO Box 990, | Tel: +501 2 32732Belize City, BELIZE, Central America. | Fax: +501 2 30255he following is a list of CUNet Coordinators, corresponding tonstitutions that are part of this network, connected and using-mail regularly. Additional institutions as well as otheraribbean countries will be incorporated in the following weeks.elize:Brian Candler(VSO computer specialist, UCB)-------------------------------------------+--------------------University College of Belize, PO Box 990, | Tel: +501 2 32732Belize City, BELIZE, Central America. | Fax: +501 2 30255amaica:rchie Marshall37 Old Hope Roadingston 6, Jamaicaollege of Arts Science and Technology, [email protected] Manisonenate House , Principal's Officeona Campusniversity of the West [email protected]:erold H. Van Dijkniversity Computer Centerniversity of Surinameeysweg, POB 9212aramaribo, [email protected] Republiclavio Moncionontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM)anto Domingo, Republica [email protected] and Tobago:haron Laurentaribbean Industrial Research Institute, CARIRIunapuna Post [email protected] Furlongars Johnsonational Institute of Higher Education, Research Science andechnology (NIHERST)[email protected] Lucia:lbert Danielsnstitute for Self Improvement, [email protected] H. Daniels.O. Box GM 717809) 452-3702 (W)[email protected], St. Luciaest Indies809) 452-5560 (H)809) 453-7690 (FAX)renada:oretta Simonrenada National [email protected] node in Barbados has been only recently setupnd may not be operational all the time.lease contact:obert [email protected]: 809-425-1310ax: 809-425-1327or further information on CUNet you may also contactrchie Marshall, independent consultant to the OAS, [email protected] (Jamaica)r [email protected] (Internet)===================================================aul Hahn, Ph.Doordinatorasic Sciences and Networkingrganization of American Statesepartment of Scientific and Technological Affairs889 F-Street, N.W.ashington, D.C. 20006el (202) 458-3359, 3340ax:(202) 458-3167===================================================